CNC machinist

Computer numerically controlled (CNC) machinists make precision parts for the engineering and manufacturing industries.

In this guide

What you'll do

Day-to-day tasks

As a CNC machinist, you could:

  • programme the CNC machine tool with data from technical drawings
  • work out the most efficient order to carry out machining tasks
  • choose the right tools for each stage and operate the machine
  • set the cutting speeds and tolerance levels
  • check that work meets quality and technical standards and maintain equipment

Working environment

You could work in a factory.

Your working environment may be noisy.

You may need to wear protective clothing.

Career path and progression

With experience and further training, you could move into a supervisory role.

You could also move into quality inspection or become an engineering technician.

What it takes

Skills and knowledge

You'll need:

  • knowledge of engineering science and technology
  • to be thorough and pay attention to detail
  • the ability to use, repair and maintain machines and tools
  • maths knowledge
  • the ability to work on your own
  • knowledge of manufacturing production and processes
  • analytical thinking skills
  • design skills and knowledge
  • to be able to use a computer and the main software packages competently

Most relevant

  • Mathematics - CNC machinists use maths constantly – calculating cutting speeds, tolerance levels, dimensions, and angles from technical drawings. They need to work confidently with measurements, fractions, decimals, and geometry to produce parts that meet precise specifications.
  • Design and Technology - CNC machinists read and interpret technical drawings, select appropriate tools and materials, and understand how parts are designed to fit together. The practical skills of working with materials, using tools, and following a design process are central to this career.
  • Engineering - CNC machinists work at the heart of engineering and manufacturing, producing precision components for a wide range of industries. Understanding engineering principles – including how machines work, material properties, and production processes – is essential for programming and operating CNC equipment effectively.
  • Physics - CNC machinists need to understand forces, friction, heat, and the properties of metals and other materials when setting cutting speeds and choosing tools. Knowledge of how materials behave under stress helps them avoid errors and produce high-quality parts.

Also relevant

  • Computer Science - CNC machinists programme machines using numerical code and work with CAD/CAM software to translate designs into machining instructions. Understanding how software processes data and how to write and troubleshoot code helps them set up and adjust programmes efficiently.
  • Electronics - CNC machinists work with computer-controlled machinery that relies on electronic sensors, motors, and control systems. A basic understanding of how these electronic components function can help when diagnosing machine faults or maintaining equipment.
  • Business - CNC machinists need to work out the most efficient order for machining tasks, minimising waste and production time. Understanding manufacturing efficiency and quality control processes connects to broader business and production management skills.

How to become

You can get into this job through:

  • a college course
  • an apprenticeship
  • applying directly

You could do a college course to learn some of the practical engineering skills you'll need.

Courses include:

  • engineering and manufacturing
  • performing engineering operations
  • mechanical engineering

Entry requirements

Entry requirements for these courses vary.

More Information

You could apply to do an apprenticeship with an employer. These include:

  • Engineering Operative Level 2 Intermediate Apprenticeship
  • Machining Technician Level 3 Advanced Apprenticeship
  • Engineering and Manufacturing Support Technician Level 3 Advanced Apprenticeship

If you're working in the furniture manufacturing industry, you could do a Furniture CNC Technician Level 3 Advanced Apprenticeship.

Entry requirements

You'll usually need:

  • some GCSEs, usually including English and maths, or equivalent, for an intermediate apprenticeship
  • 5 GCSEs at grades 9 to 4 (A* to C), or equivalent, including English and maths, for an advanced apprenticeship

More Information

You can apply directly for jobs if you've got experience of working with CNC machine tools in engineering or manufacturing.

You can find out more about engineering careers from Tomorrow's Engineers.

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